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Today’s R&D covers Turkey’s involvement in the fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS).  Turkey’s government announced last week that it will not allow the United States to use its air base at Incirlik to attack ISIS targets in Syria and Iraq.  Analysts believe that Turkey’s position is directed by a desire to protect forty-nine of its nationals that are hostages of the group as well.  Intelligence sources estimate that up to 1,000 Turks have joined ISIS’s military campaigns in Syria and Iraq.